tailieunhanh - unconventional gas shales

Tham khảo sách 'unconventional gas shales', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Unconventional Gas Shales Development Technology and Policy Issues Anthony Andrews Coordinator Specialist in Energy and Energy Infrastructure Policy Peter Folger Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy Marc Humphries Analyst in Energy Policy Claudia Copeland Specialist in Resourcesand Environmental Policy Mary Tiemann Specialist in Environmental Policy Robert Meltz Legislative Attorney Cynthia Brougher Legislative Attorney October 30 2009 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 R4W94 CRS Report for Congress----------------------------------------------- f Vr wW or Memhm and Ctf nmiHees iff Cifngiea l ncoiwcntiofiai Cat Shales Dcz clojntcMi Technology lĩ ltd Policy Issue Summary In the past the oil and gas industry considered gas locked in tight impermeable shale uneconomical to produce. However advances in directional well drilling and reservoir stimulation have dramatically increased gas production from unconventional shales. The United States Geological Survey estimates that 200 trillion cubic feel of natural gas may he technically recoverable from these shales. Recent high natural gas prices have also stimulated interest in developing gas shales. Although natural gas prices fell dramatically in 2009. there is an expectation that the demand fur natural gas will increase. Developing these shales comes with some controversy though. The hydraulic fracturing treatments used Io stimulate gas production from shale have stirred environmental concerns over excessive water consumption drinking waler well contamination and surface waler contamination from both drilling activities and fracturing fluid disposal. The saline flowback waler pumped back to the surface after the fracturing process poses a significant environmental management challenge in the Marcellus legion. The flowback s high content of total dissolved solids TDS and other contaminants must be disposed of or adequately ueated before discharged to surface walers. Tiki federal Clean Waler Act

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