tailieunhanh - Ebook Cardiovascular physiology: Part 2

(BQ) Part 1 book "Cardiovascular physiology" presentation of content: Vascular control, hemodynamic interactions, regulation of arterial pressure, cardiovascular responses to physiological stresses, cardiovascular function in pathological situations. | Vascular Control OBJECTIVES The student understands the general mechanisms involved in local vascular control: � Identifies the major ways in which smooth muscle differs anatomically and functionally from striated muscle. � Lists the steps leading to cross-bridge cycling in smooth muscle. � Lists the major ion channels involved in the regulation of membrane potential in � Describes the processes of electromechanical and pharmacomechanical coupling in smooth muscle. � Defines basal tone. smooth muscle. � Lists several substances potentially involved in local metabolic control. � States the local metabolic vasodilator hypothesis. � Describes how vascular tone may be influenced by endothelin, prostaglandins, histamine, and bradykinin. � Describes the myogenic response of blood vessels. � Defines active and reactive hyperemia and indicates a possible mechanism for each. � Defines autoregulation of blood flow and briefly describes the metabolic, myogenic, and tissue pressure theories of autoregulation. � Defines neurogenic tone of vascular muscle and describes how sympathetic neu­ ral influences can alter it. � Describes how vascular tone is influenced by circulating catecholamines, vasopres­ sin, and angiotensin II. � Lists the major influences on venous diameters. � Describes how control off/ow differs between organs with strong local metabolic control of arteriolar tone and organs with strong neurogenic control of arteriolar tone. The student knows the dominant mechanisms of flow and blood volume control in the major body organs: � States the relative importance of local metabolic and neural control of coronary blood flow. � Defines systolic compression and indicates its relative importance to blood flow in the endocardial and epicardial regions of the right and left ventricular walls. � Describes the major mechanisms of flow and blood volume control in each of the fol­ lowing systemic organs: skeletal muscle, brain, splanchnic .