tailieunhanh - Ebook Infection control in the intensive care unit (3rd edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Infection control in the intensive care unit" presents the following contents: Infections on ICU (lower airway infection, bloodstream infection in the ICU patient, bloodstream infection in the ICU patient, bloodstream infection in the ICU patient,.), special topics (antimicrobial resistance, evidence based medicine in ICU, impact of nutritional route on infections: parenteral versus enteral,.). | Part IV Infections on ICU Lower Airway Infection 14 J. Almirall A. Liapikou M. Ferrer and A. Torres Definition Lower respiratory tract infections RTI in intubated patients include ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis VAT and ventilator-associated pneumonia VAP . Both are hospital-acquired infections that occur within 48 h after intubation 1 2 . Diagnostic criteria for VAT and VAP overlap in terms of clinical signs and symptoms. In contrast to VAT VAP requires the presence of new and persistent pulmonary infiltrates on a chest radiograph which may be difficult to interpret in some critically ill patients and two or more of the following criteria fever C or hypothermia leukocyte count 10 000 pl purulent tracheobronchial secretions or a reduced partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood PaO2 fraction of inspired oxygen FiO2 ratio 15 according to the US centers for disease control and prevention definitions. patients with a clinical pulmonary infection score 6 are also considered to have pneumonia 3 . The apparent crude incidence of VAT ranges from 3 to 10 but it is difficult to determine the exact incidence and importance of VAT for several reasons. The major reason is that to confirm the absence of infiltrates on a chest radiograph a computed tomography CT scan is required. VAT is probably an intermediate process between lower respiratory tract colonization and VAP. Postmortem studies show a continuum between bronchitis and pneumonia in mechanically ventilated MV ICU patients 4 . VAP that occurs during the first 4 days of MV is defined as early onset in order to differentiate it from late-onset VAP which develops thereafter. A. Torres Servei de Pneumologia i Al-lèrgia Respiratòria Hospital Clínic Barcelona Spain e-mail atorres@ H. K. F. van Saene et al. eds. Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit 219 DOI 978-88-470-1601-9_14 Springer-Verlag Italia 2012 220 J. Almirall et al. The term ventilator-associated pneumonia however is a .

• Y khoa - Dược
• Infection control in the intensive care unit
• Infection control
• Infections on ICU
• Special topics
• Antimicrobial resistance
• Lower airway infection
• Essentials in clinical microbiology
• Device policies
• Systemic antibiotics
• The intensive care unit
• Urinary tract
• Early adequate antibiotic therapy
• Nutritional route on infections
• Microorganisms according
• Systemic antifungals
• Enteral antimicrobials
• Carriage colonization
• BMC Pediatrics
• Neonatal intensive care unit
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Panton Valentine leucocidin
• Staphylococcal chromosomal cassette