tailieunhanh - Ebook Clinical manual and review of transesophageal echocardiography (2nd edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Clinical manual and review of transesophageal echocardiography" presents the following contents: Clinical perioperative echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography in nonoperative settings, special topics, appendices. | PERICARDIAL DISEASES I 369 45. Properties of the parietal pericardium include a. Collagen fibers meshed with elastic fibers b. Flexibility c. Rigidity in older patients d. Lining of the fibrous pericardium e. All of the above 46. The inflammatory phase of pericarditis is marked by al of the following except. a. Infiltration with leukocytes such as lymphocytes polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages b. Alterations in pericardia vascularity c. Deposition of fibrin d. Decrease in pericardia fluid content 47. In patients over 60 years of age the D wave of pulmonary vein flow Doppler examination is generally greater in magnitude than the S wave. a. True b. False 48. In constrictive pericarditis the thickened pericardium isolates the intrapericardial cardiac chambers but not the extrapericardially located puulmonary veins from changes in intrathoracic pressure during the respiratory cycle. a. True b. False 49. Prominent hepatic vein diastolic flow reversal may be noticed as a result of increased RA pressure only in patients with significant tricuspid regurgitation and sinus tachycardia. a. True b. False Echocardiography for Aortic Surgery 16 Christopher Hudson Jose Coddens and Madhav Swaminathan INTRODUCTION Diseases involving the aorta can present a challenge to both surgeons and anesthesiologists. Aortic dissection and rupture are life threatening require rapid and accurate diagnosis and need definitive medical and or surgical management due to their high risk of morbidity and mortality. 1 2 A key ingredient in the efficient management of these patients is imaging of the thoracic aorta. Transesophageal echocardiography TEE has become an essential noninvasive diagnostic modality for acute thoracic aortic pathologies and is a standard part of the echocardiographer s armamentarium in the operating room. 3-6 It is important for the echocardiographer to quickly and accurately verify the diagnosis distinguish true pathology from the many common confounding artifacts and