tailieunhanh - Rubber Plantation Development in Cambodia: At What Cost?

A second process was the expansion of soybeans and other crops in the cerrado (savannah) region of Brazil by using varieties, soil amendments and conservation tillage developed through long-standing public investment in research and development that allowed cultivation of acid soils that were previously considered unsuitable for agriculture. This was a major technological success that dramatically increased production and exports. Impacts on rural poverty, however, were below potential as capital subsidies and labor laws encouraged highly mechanized cultivation rather than more labor intensive production that could have had higher employment and poverty-impacts (Rezende 2005, World Bank 2009a). Currently,. | Rubber Plantation Development in Cambodia At What Cost Yem Dararath Neth Top and Vuthy Lic September 2011 Comments should be sent to Mr Yem Dararath Email dararath@ The Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia EEPSEA was established in May 1993 to support research and training in environmental and resource economics. Its objective is to enhance local capacity to undertake the economic analysis of environmental problems and policies. It uses a networking approach involving courses meetings technical support access to literature and opportunities for comparative research. Member countries are Thailand Malaysia Indonesia the Philippines Vietnam Cambodia Lao PDR China Papua New Guinea and Sri Lanka. EEPSEA is supported by the International Development Research Centre IDRC the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Sida and the Canadian International Development Agency CIDA . TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Description of the problems 2 Significance of the study 3 Research methodology 5 Research objectives 5 Research questions 6 Literature review 6 Field Survey in 2007 7 Household survey 7 Plantation holder interviews 8 Key informant interviews 8 Rapid rural appraisal and focus group discussion 8 Overview of rubber plantation 8 Rubber tree in brief 8 Area under rubber plantations 9 Trend in rubber prices 11 Rubber plantations in Cambodia 12 Basaltic red soil in Cambodia 12 History of rubber development in Cambodia 13 Contribution of rubber to the national economy 13 Government policy toward rubber development 14 State-owned rubber plantation firms 18 Krek rubber plantation 18 Chamcar Andong rubber plantation 19 Tumring rubber plantation 19 Characteristics of households 21 . Tumring Rubber Plantation 21 Chamkar Andong Rubber Plantation 22 Krek Rubber Plantation 22 Impacts