tailieunhanh - Ebook Cerebral angiography normal anatomy and vascular pathology (2nd edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 the book "Cerebral angiography normal anatomy and vascular pathology" presents the following contents: Vascular malformations of the central nervous system, dural arteriovenous fistulas, arteriovenous fistulas, ischemic stroke, spontaneous dissection of carotid and vertebral arteries,. | Vascular Malformations of the Central Nervous System 12 Introduction Rokitansky is reported to be the first to have described this kind of pathology which he called vascular brain tumor in pial tissue Rokitansky 1846 . It was Virchow 1862-1863 who first differentiated tumors from brain angiomas which were identified as vascular malformations of congenital derivation. The concept that brain arteriovenous malformation BAVM is an anomaly caused by errors during vascular development in the embryo was suggested by Cushing and Bailey 1928 and Dandy 1928 . However some difficulties in the differential diagnosis between BAVMs and tumors remained as noted by Zulch 1957 and Russell et al. 1959 . An accurate description of this pathology as a definite congenital malformation was proposed by McCormick 1966 . The same author made a classification which with some modification Challa et al. 1995 Yaịargyl 1987 1999 Chaloupka and Huddle 1998 Valavanis et al. 2004 is still valid today. Classification Arteriovenous malformation AVM Vein of Galen AVM Cavernous malformations cavernomas Capillary malformations telangiectasias Developmental venous anomaly DVA venous angiomas Transition forms Vascular malformations part of well-defined congenital-hereditary syndromes Rendu-Osler syndrome Sturge-Weber syndrome Wyburn-Mason syndrome Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome Arteriovenous Malformations Pathogenesis and Pathology The certain pathogenesis of AVMs is not clear. They are considered to be congenital malformations. The embryological development of cerebral vessels occurs in two phases vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. In the vasculogenesis angioblasts differentiate into endothelial cells to form the primary vascular plexus. Later angiogenesis follows in which the primary plexus undergoes remodeling and organization leading to the formation of the final cerebral vessels Streeter 1918 Risau and Flamme 1995 Risau 1997 . The causes of an aberrant vasculo-angiogenesis .