tailieunhanh - Is It Unscientific to Say that an Animal is Happy?

To help inform prevention and control strategies, research efforts have been directed at establishing the likely contributors to this rise in campylobacteriosis incidence. Consistent with international findings (6–8), New Zealand investigations implicated poultry meat as a significant source of foodborne sporadic campylobacteriosis (9–13). A relatively small case–control study in Christchurch in 1992–1993 reported several poultry-associated risk factors, including consumption of undercooked poultry (10). A larger national case–control study in 1994–1995 reported similar findings, with a combined population-attributable risk of poultry-related exposures 50% (9). A systematic review also concluded that poultry consumption was a prominent risk factor for sporadic campylobacteriosis in. | Spring 2007 Volume 17 Number 1 BEST magazine rofi one of the Promoting the compassionate and respectful treatment of domestic fowl L rJtllk jm Hr INDEPENDENT CHARITIES OF AMERICA UPC 1844 Is It Unscientific to Say that an Animal is Happy United Poultry Concerns . Box 150 Machipongo VA 23405-0150 757 678-7875 FAX 757 678-5070 Visit Our Web Site By Karen Davis PhD President of United Poultry Concerns Many scientists willing to concede that birds and other animals can experience negative emotions such as fear cry anthropomorphism and sentimentality if you dare to suggest that animals can experience happiness and pleasure as well. Marian Stamp Dawkins a professor of animal behavior in the Department of Zoology at the University of Oxford who has done a lot of experimental research into what hens want in industrial farming systems scoffs at the presumption that the individuals of other species showing similar behavior to that of humans when eating being touched by their companions playing together or having sex enjoy the experience. She implies that people who believe that nonhuman animals have an evolved capacity to enjoy life have abandoned the rigorous intellectual standards that define the behaviorist science to which she subscribes. According to these standards the existence of conscious feelings cannot be tested empirically and so the study of conscious emotions is outside the realm of science. United Poultry Concerns d Volume 17 Number 1 New from UPC Bird Flu Booklets United Poultry Concerns is pleased to announce publication of our new 8-page booklet Avian Influenza Bird Flu - What You Need to Know. The booklet provides facts and expert opinions on the role of poultry production practices in promoting avian influenza viruses. It is also available in PDF format at and . Avian Influenza Bird Flu - What You Need to Know is a concise fully-referenced resource about bird flu within the