tailieunhanh - Ebook Ultrasound of congenital fetal anomalies - Differential diagnosis and prognostic indicators (2nd edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Ultrasound of congenital fetal anomalies - Differential diagnosis and prognostic indicators" presents the following contents: Anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract and of the abdominal wall, anomalies of the urinary tract and of the external genitalia, skeletal dysplasias and muscular anomalies - A diagnostic algorithm,. | Chapter 7 Anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract and of the abdominal wall Nor MAL ANATo My o F ThE GAsTro INTESTINAL Tr AcT ANd ABdo MINAL WALL ULTr Aso UNd Appro Ach SCANNING pLANEs ANd dIAGNosTiC potential The main differential feature of the gastrointestinal GI tract in comparison with other organ systems is that its ultrasound US appearance varies significantly during pregnancy and also for some sites in the course of the same US examination due to the physiology of swallowing stomach emptying and intestinal peristalsis. It is therefore necessary to become acquainted with the whole range of anatomic correlates. It should be underlined that the detection of an intra-abdominal abnormality can become particularly challenging due to the variety of systems and organs that could be involved including the GI tract genitourinary system adrenal glands spleen liver pancreas and lungs. Many of these abnormalities do not give a direct sonographic sign but they may be suspected on the basis of the observation of indirect abnormal findings. Topography of the observed abnormality fetal sex and gestational age are significantly useful to determine their possible origin 1 . Another feature of the GI tract pathologies that renders their antenatal diagnosis a difficult task is the frequent absence of any sonographic evidence before the third trimester. Furthermore some abnormalities may not give any sonographic sign during the whole pregnancy such as an esophageal atresia EA with tracheal fistula in this case there is usually an almost normally fluid-filled stomach. Timing of examination. As mentioned in this chapter the US appearance of the various GI tract changes significantly with advancing gestational age. In the third trimester the density of the intestinal content at the level of the colon increases and becomes hypoechoic in comparison with the intestinal walls. This allows identification of the whole course of the colon from the cecum to the rectum Figure . It is .

• Y khoa - Dược
• Ultrasound of congenital fetal anomalies
• Differential diagnosis
• Prognostic indicators
• Anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract
• The abdominal wal
• Anomalies of the urinary tract
• Peripheral nervous system anomalies
• Neck anomalies
• Congenital heart disease
• Thoracic anomalies
• Advanced urodynamics
• Neurogenic bladder obstruction
• Iatrogenic female bladder Outlet obstruction
• Pelvic organ prolapse
• Augmented lower urinary tract
• Lower urinary tract anomalies
• BMC Pediatrics
• Wolfram syndrome
• WFS1 gene
• Neuro psychiatric disorders
• Hearing deficit
• Urinary tract anomalies