tailieunhanh - Ebook Ultrasound guidance in regional anaesthesia -Principles and practical implementation (2nd edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Ultrasound guidance in regional anaesthesia -Principles and practical implementation" presents the following contents: Upper extremity blocks, lower extremity blocks, truncal blocks, neuraxial block techniques, peripheral catheter techniques, future perspectives. | Chapter 13 Upper extremity blocks General anatomical considerations The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of the spinal nerves C5-T1. In general supraclavicular and infraclavicular parts are described. The ventral rami leave the intervertebral foramina posterior to the vertebral artery and after a short distance in the scalenovertebral triangle bordered by the longus colli muscle medially the anterior scalenus muscle laterally and the dome of the pleura inferiorly they are situated between the anterior and middle scalene muscles the interscalene space . The first branches are the dorsal scapular and thoracic longus nerves both of which pierce the middle scalenus muscle to take a dorsolateral course. Subsequently the roots form a superior C5 C6 intermediate C7 and inferior C8 T1 trunk. The third branch in the lateral cervical region is the supraclavicular nerve which shows a variable level of origin out of the superior trunk. Between the level of the first rib and the clavicle each trunk bifurcates into an anterior and posterior portion to be rearranged and form the three cords of the brachial plexus. A lateral cord is formed by the anterior portion of the superior and middle trunks a medial cord by the anterior portion of the inferior trunk and a posterior cord by the posterior portions of all three trunks. The nomenclature of the three cords lateral medial and posterior refers to their position around the axillary artery. Note that their respective positions are different in the infraclavicular region clavipectoral triangle where they are situated laterally to the artery. The most superficial one is the lateral cord followed by the posterior and medial cord as the deepest. The brachial plexus is covered by connective tissue from its origin down to the axillary level. Various septae between the cords and nerves of the plexus appear to be responsible for incomplete nerve blockade particularly at the axillary level when single-injection techniques .

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• Upper extremity blocks
• Lower extremity blocks
• Truncal blocks
• Neuraxial block techniques
• Peripheral catheter techniques
• Ultrasound guidance in regional anaesthesia
• Principles and practical implementation
• Practical implementation
• Pearls and pitfalls
• Needle guidance techniques
• Neck blocks