tailieunhanh - Ebook Ultrasound for surgeons: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Ultrasound for surgeons" presents the following contents: Surveillance of deep vein thrombosis, insertion of central catheters, transcranial doppler, diagnosis and treatment of fluid collections and other pathology, open applications, laparoscopic applications, breast ultrasound, vascular, rectal. | Chapter 7 Surveillance of Deep Vein Thrombosis DVT Rajan Gupta and Jeffrey Carpenter Introduction The clinical evaluation of the peripheral venous system can be difficult. History and physical examination have a limited role in the accurate diagnosis of venous disease. Further diagnostic imaging is frequently required. Invasive techniques such as venography have been proven to be reliable and have become the gold standard against which all other techniques are measured. However the expense and potential risks of such invasive studies have led to the development of noninvasive methods. Through recent technological advancements ultrasound has emerged as a reliable and useful tool in the evaluation of the peripheral venous system. Its accuracy approaches that of venography and its other benefits including portability and fewer potential risks have made it an attractive alternative to the gold standard . One of the most common manifestations of peripheral venous disease in surgical patients is venous thromboembolism. It is a dreaded complication seen in every surgical specialty however certain patient populations have been identified that seem to be at greater risk. The morbidity and mortality associated with this disease process have been well described. Intuitively many of these patients are sicker and often are found in critical care units. Thus many studies have examined the role of aggressive measures to prevent this serious complication in these potentially critically ill patients. The use of various interventions including pharmaceutical agents mechanical devices and early mobilization has been well established. Some studies advocate routine screening in select populations considered to be at extremely high risk for venous thromboembolism. The imaging modality most commonly used for this routine screening has been ultrasound. This chapter will review the role of ultrasound in screening and diagnosing this peripheral venous disease in select surgical patients. It