tailieunhanh - Ebook Bone and joint imaging (3rd edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Bone and joint imaging" presents the following contents: Infectious diseases, traumatic diseases, internal derangement of joints, thermal, iatrogenic, nutritional, and neurogenic diseases, tumors and tumor like diseases, congenital diseases, diseases of soft tissue and muscle,. | SECTION Infectious Diseases XIV CHAPTER 5 3 Osteomyelitis Septic Arthritis and Soft Tissue Infection Mechanisms and Situations SUMMARY OF KEY FEATURES A thorough understanding of regional anatomy is fundamental to the accurate interpretation of clinical radiographic and pathologic characteristics of infections of bone joint and soft tissue. In most persons with such infections a specific mechanism of contamination can be recognized infection may be derived from hematogenous seeding spread from a contiguous source direct implantation or operative contamination. The radiographic findings of osteomyelitis including abscess involucrum and sequestration septic arthritis including joint space loss and marginal and central osseous erosions and soft tissue suppuration including swelling radiolucent streaks and periostitis are generally delayed for a variable period after the clinical onset of infection. Other diagnostic techniques including scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging allow an accurate diagnosis at an earlier stage of the process. INTRODUCTION Infection of bone joint and soft tissue is a common and disturbing problem that often represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Early diagnosis is imperative because it allows prompt treatment which can prevent many of the dreaded complications. TERMINOLOGY Ostemyelitis implies an infection of bone and marrow. It most commonly results from bacterial infections although fungi parasites and viruses can infect the bone and the marrow. Infective suppurative osteitis indicates contamination of the bone cortex. Infective osteitis can occur as an isolated phenomenon or more frequently as a concomitant to osteomyelitis. Infective suppurative periostitis implies contamination of the periosteal cloak that surrounds the bone. In this situation a subperiosteal accumulation of organisms frequently leads to infective osteitis and osteomyelitis. Soft tissue infection indicates contamination of cutaneous subcutaneous .