tailieunhanh - Ebook Bone and joint disorders differential diagnosis in conventional radiology (2nd edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Bone and joint disorders differential diagnosis in conventional radiology" presents the following contents: Skull, orbits, nasal fossa and paranasal sinuses, jaws and teeth, spine and pelvis, clavicles, ribs and sternum, extremities, hands and feet. | 203 8 Skull Calcifications Calcifications are a common finding on skull radiographs. With computed tomography many more calcifications within the skull can be appreciated that escape detection with plain film radiography. Numerous artifacts on the scalp . dirt fragments ointments and braids may simulate intracranial calcifications and therefore must be taken into consideration Fig. . Physiologic Intracranial Calcifications Physiologic and pathologic intracerebral calcifications occur although the boundaries between the two can be blurred. Locations of characteristically physiologic calcifications are summarized in Table and Fig. . Table Physiologic Intracranial Calcifications Pineal Habenula Choroid plexus Dura falx tentorium Ligaments petroclinoid and interclinoid Pituitary Internal carotid artery cavernous portion Basal ganglia and dentate nucleus A calcified pineal is found in 5 of children under the age of 10 and in almost two-thirds of the adult population Fig. . With CT scanning a considerably higher rate of pineal calcification is found. It appears amorphous or ringlike and varies considerably in size but measures usually less than 1 cm. A pineal calcification exceeding 1 cm in diameter suggests neoplasm either a pinealoma or even more commonly a teratoma. A calcified aneurysm of the vein of Galen may occasionally also simulate an abnormal pineal calcification. The pineal lies midline in the anteroposterior projection. A displacement of a pineal more than 3 mm to one side of the midline suggests an intracranial mass lesion displacing the pineal away from the midline. On the lateral radiograph the pineal projects approximately 3 cm above the highest posterior elevation of the pyramids. Numerous methods have been described to assess pineal displacement in this projection but since their usefulness is rather limited they will not be discussed in this context. The habenula is located a few millimeters anterior to the pineal and calcifies in

• Y khoa - Dược
• Bone and joint disorders differential diagnosis
• Conventional radiology
• Nasal fossa
• Paranasal sinuses
• Jaws and teeth
• Spine and pelvis
• Rribs and sternum