tailieunhanh - Zimbabwe 2012

Poultry manure production occurs as a result of the normal everyday processes of the poultry industry. It is a valuable by-product of this industry and has valuable potential uses beyond the traditional one of fertilizer . It is always interesting to note that if one were looking 5 strictly at the fate of the nutrient inputs, the major product of any animal feeding system is manure, not animal protein . Often manures are considered waste materials and a place to 26 dispose of them has to be found. However, if the manure is considered a by-product of the industry, a possible use. | Zimbabwe Since the inception of the Inclusive Government of Zimbabwe in February 2009 Zimbabwe has been recovering from a low economic base. Growth decelerated between 2010 and 2012 due to policy inconsistencies and political uncertainty showing that while it is relatively easy to ignite recovery sustaining it requires consistent policies that address the binding constraints on growth. Regulations involving the economic empowerment programme and dilapidated infrastructure will continue to constrain the economy. Though recent employment data does not exist it is estimated that unemployment especially youth unemployment increased over time. Overview Real gross domestic product GDP growth decelerated to in 2011 from in 2010 and is projected to decelerate further to in 2012 before improving to in 2013. The subdued growth reflects challenges facing the economy including limited capital sources and its high cost uncertainties arising from policy inconsistencies especially with respect to economic empowerment and indigenisation regulations dilapidated infrastructure obsolete technologies and machinery frequent breakdown of the existing machinery and power and water shortages. These challenges are further compounded by contestations among the Inclusive Government of Zimbabwe IG partners around issues of the new constitution the national referendum to adopt it as well as pending national elections. Even though the government is operating on a cash budget principle the budget balance for 2011 estimated at per cent of GDP is an improvement on the level of recorded in 2010. Projections for 2012 and 2013 are similar at and respectively. Inflation is estimated at in 2011 up from in 2010. It is projected to rise to in 2012 and in 2013. Inflationary developments in the short to medium term will continue to be influenced by the US dollar rand exchange rate inflation developments in South Africa international oil prices and local .

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