tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "TRANSFERS OF MEANING"

In one form or another, the phenomena associated with "meaning transfer" have become central issues in a lot of recent work on semantics. Speaking very roughly, we can partition approaches to the phenomenon along two dimensions, which yield four basic points of departure. In the first two, people have considered transfer in basically semantic or linguistic terms. Some have concentrated on what we might call the paradigmatic aspects of transfer, focusing on the productive lexical processes that map semantic features into features - - for example, the "grinding" rule that applies to turn the names of animals into mass. | TRANSFERS OF MEANING Geoffrey Nunberg Xerox Palo Alto Research Center and Stanford University Xerox PARC 3333 Coyote Hill Road Palo Alto CA 94304 USA Internet nunberg@ Abstract In one form or another the phenomena associated with meaning transfer have become central issues in a lot of recent work on semantics. Speaking very roughly we can partition approaches to the phenomenon along two dimensions which yield four basic points of departure. In the first two people have considered transfer in basically semantic or linguistic terms. Some have concentrated on what we might call the paradigmatic aspects of transfer focusing on the productive lexical processes that map semantic features into features for example the grinding rule that applies to turn the names of animals into mass terms denoting their meat or fur. This the approach that s involved in most recent work on regular polysemy systematic polysemy and the like for example by Apresjan Ostler and Atkins Briscoe and Copestake Nunberg and Za-enen Wilensky Kilgarriff and a number of other people. Other people have emphasized the syncat-egorematic aspects of transfer that is the ways meaning shifts and specifications are coerced in the course of semantic composition. This is an approach that hass been developed in particular by James Pustejovsky and his collaborators building on earlier work on type shifting. As opposed to these there are conceptual and pragmatic approaches to transfer which focus on the extralinguistic circumstances that license transfers of various types. Here again there are both paradigmatic and syncategorematic approaches loosely speaking. The first is exemplified in a lot of recent work on metaphor by people associated with the cognitive linguistics school which has focused chiefly on the relations between domains of experience that metaphor variously exploits and imputes. The second is represented by work on indirect speech within Gricean pragmatics Relevance Theory and the like

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• TRANSFERS OF MEANING
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