tailieunhanh - Ebook The art and science of teaching (A comprehensive framework for effective instruction): Part 2 - Robert J. Marzano

(BQ) Next in Part 1, in Part 2 authors present topics such as: What will I do to establish or maintain classroom rules and procedures? What will I do to recognize and acknowledge adherence and lack of adherence to classroom rules and procedures? What will I do to establish and maintain effective relationships with students? What will I do to communicate high expectations for all students? What will I do to develop effective lessons organized into a cohesive unit? Inviting you to refer. | 6 hat will I do to establish or maintain classroom rules and procedures Up to this point all design questions have dealt with content issues and instructional issues. This question deals with a staple of classroom management the design and implementation of classroom rules and procedures. Regardless of how well behaved students in a given class might be they still need rules and procedures. Although rules and procedures should be established at the beginning of a school year there are many times throughout the year when students need reminders or when rules and procedures must be added or altered. Without effective rules and procedures teaching and consequently learning is inhibited. In the Classroom In our classroom scenario Mr. Hutchins spends substantial time crafting classroom rules and procedures during the first week. He announces to students that he has two rules only treat each other with respect and make the classroom a place of learning. He leaves it to the students to come up with specific behaviors routines and processes to ensure that these rules are followed. On occasion throughout the year he finds that one or more of the routines and processes require alterations. For example initially he and the students establish the procedure that students must raise their hands and be called on before they can speak. However he observes that this protocol seems to stifle discussions. He brings this up to students in a class meeting. Most students agree with his perception. As a result of a fairly lively discussion the procedure is 117 118 Ị THE AKE AND SCIENCE of TEACHING changed. Now when Mr. Hutchins signals students are allowed to talk without raising their hands. If the discussion becomes chaotic Mr. Hutchins immediately reinstates the original rule that students must raise their hands before speaking. Research and Theory The creation of rules and procedures is an important aspect of classroom management. In a study by Wang Haertel and Walberg 1993 classroom