tailieunhanh - Livestock & Poultry Department of Entomology

If wild birds and free range farms are the main risks in the spread of H5N1, how did a country of backyard farms, in the middle of the worst affected zone, see 93% of its outbreaks concentrated in intensive farms? Interestingly, in Laos there is next to no contact between ‘backyard’ farms and the intensive production farms of the capital; the capital’s intensive farms, on the other hand, are commonly integrated into foreign poultry companies (GRAIN 2006). It is useful to compare the Laos case with those of neighbouring countries Thailand and Vietnam, which are two of. | Purdue u N I V E R s Livestock EXTENSION E-3-W Department of Entomology CONTROL OF POULTRY PESTS Ralph E. Williams Extension Entomologist Several kinds of flies beetles and external parasites are a major concern facing poultry producers. The shift from small farm flocks to larger commercial poultry operations has greatly increased these pest concerns. The high-density confined housing systems used in poultry production today create conditions that favor the development of manure-breeding flies and beetles associated with poultry litter accumulations. External parasites . northern fowl mite lice are also of concern in confined housing systems. FLIES Important Species House Fly - Musca domestica The house fly is considered the major pest species associ- ated with poultry manure especially in caged-layer operations. Accumulated poultry manure can be highly suitable for house fly breeding especially where general sanitation is poor and when there is excessive moisture. They prefer manure as a breeding source but have been found breeding in moist spilled feeds and other moist warm decaying organic matter. With today s concern about environmental conditions fly control takes on added importance. Flies are considered environmental pollutants just by their presence. Fly populations may create a public health nuisance in nearby communities resulting in poor community relations and threats of litigation. Unfortunately as urbanization and rural non-farm residences increase poultry producers will be faced with growing pressure to reduce fly populations. Also flies are suspected of harboring numerous disease organisms. The female house fly produces up to six batches of 75 to 200 eggs at 3 to 4 day intervals. Larvae maggots hatch in 12 to 24 hours. The maggots complete their development in 4 to 7 days and then form into dark reddish-brown pupae. The pupal stage usually lasts 3 to 4 days after which adult flies emerge. A complete life cycle can occur in 7 to 10 days under .

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• young Kentuckian
• rapidly and proved
• Biogeography of Dragonflies
• Highly Mobile Predators
• American Psocoptera
• Automated Headspace
• Solid Phase
• Micro Extraction
• GC MS Detection
• successfully conducted
• Atacama Desert
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• unique conceptual
• Conacu Negreṣti
• Evolutionary Biogeography
• Macrotaxa
• screen based entertainment