tailieunhanh - Selection and Location of Poultry and Livestock Manure Storage

Poultry processing plants are designed for rapid slaughtering, butchering, and packaging of meat. The process combines rapid line speed with distinct divisions of labor on the processing line [Lipscomb et al., 2005]. Musculoskeletal injuries and illnesses are thought to be the principal on-the-job safety problems for workers on the processing line. Other aspects of the work environment— dampness, animal proteins, contamination from poultry excreta, feathers and other organic substances, knives and scissors in crowded conditions—are thought to be respon- sible for other types of injuries and illnesses. Dermatological injuries and illnesses are common (Quandt et al., unpublished data), as are respiratory injuries and illnesses [Campbell, 1999]. Despite the high rates of injury alleged. | Virginia Cooperative Extension PUBLICATION 442-307 Selection and Location of Poultry and Livestock Manure Storage Jactone Arogo Ogejo Extension Specialist Biological Systems Engineering Virginia Tech Introduction If you raise dairy cows broilers layers turkeys horses beef cattle sheep goats alpacas or swine for income or a hobby you will have to deal with the manure they produce. The amount of manure produced by the birds or animals you keep depends on their type age size and diet. Tables 1 and 2 present the manure characteristics of various animal types compiled by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers that can be used to assist in planning and designing manure handling and utilization systems if values for local farms are not available. Manure storage is part of the manure management system of a facility or property where animals and or poultry are raised. Manure should be considered a resource - not a waste to be discarded. Manure contains valuable organic matter and nutrients that can be used as a fertilizer and or to produce energy. If not managed properly manure will accumulate very quickly and pose the potential for polluting the environment from odors and contamination of surface water and groundwater. Manure storage allows a strategic approach to manure application taking crop needs and weather into account. Thus manure storage provides livestock and poultry owners the flexibility for scheduling its appro- Table 1. Estimated typical manure characteristics as excreted by meat-producing livestock and poultry Animal type and production grouping Total manure1 Moisture2 Total solids Volatile solids Nitrogen N Phosphorus P Potassium K Assumed finishing time days lb f-a cu. ft wet basis Pounds per finished animal lb f-a Beef Finishing cattle 9 800 160 92 780 640 55 38 153 Swine Nursery pig lb 87 90 10 36 Grow-finish 154 lb 1 200 20 90 120 99 10 120 Poultry Broiler 11 74

• Nông nghiệp
• Patient involvement
• healthcare professionals
• individual patients
• Patient centred care
• Key principle
• Patient involvement
• BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Patient participation
• Patient experience
• Patient satisfaction
• Acute care
• Cluster randomised crossover trial
• Multimedia intervention
• Shared decision making
• Disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs
• Importance of Genetic
• Manage Abiotic Stress
• Genetic Diversity