tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "Reasoning with Descriptions of Trees *"

In this paper we introduce a logic for describing trees which allows us to reason about both the parent and domination relationships. The use of domination has found a number of applications, such as in deterministic parsers based on Description theory (Marcus, Hindle & Fleck, 1983), in a compact organization of the basic structures of TreeAdjoining Grammars (Vijay-Shanker & Schabes, 1992), and in a new characterization of the adjoining operation that allows a clean integration of TAGs into the unification-based framework (VijayShanker, 1992) Our logic serves to formalize the reasoning on which these applications are based. Motivation Marcus,. | Reasoning with Descriptions of Trees James Rogers Dept of Comp. Info. Science University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA ABSTRACT In this paper we introduce a logic for describing trees which allows US to reason about both the par7 ent and domination relationships. The use of domination has found a number of applications such as in deterministic parsers based on Description theory Marcus Hindle Fleck 1983 in a compact organization of the basic structures of Tree-Adjoining Grammars Vijay-Shanker Schabes 1992 and in a new characterization of the adjoining operation that allows a clean integration of TAGs into the unification-based framework Vijay-Shanker 1992 Our logic serves to formalize the reasoning on which these applications are based. 1 Motivation Marcus Hindle and Fleck 1983 have introduced Description Theory D-theory which considers the structure of trees in terms of the domination relation rather than the parent relation. This forms the basis of a class of deterministic parsers which build partial descriptions of trees rather than the trees themselves. As noted in Marcus Hindle Fleck 1983 Marcus 1987 this approach is capable of maintaining Marcus deterministic hypothesis Marcus 1980 in a number of cases where the original deterministic parsers fail. A motivating example is the sentence I drove my aunt from Peoria s car. The difficulty is that a deterministic parser must attach the NP my aunt to the tree it is constructing before evaluating the pp. If this can only be done in terms of the parent relation the NP will be attached to the VP as its object. It is not until the genitive marker on Peoria s is detected that the correct attachment is clear. The D-theory parser avoids the trap by making only the judgment that the VP dominates the NP by a path of length at least one. Subsequent refinement can either add intervening components or not. Thus in this case when my aunt ends up as part of the determiner of the object rather than the object itself it is not .

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