tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "RESOLVING A PRAGMATIC PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE ATTACHMENT AMBIGUITY"

To resolve or not to resolve, that is the structural ambiguity dilemma. The traditional wisdom is to disambiguate only when it matters in terms of the meaning of the utterance, and to do so using the computationally least costly information. NLP work on PP-attachment has followed this wisdom, and much effort has been focused on formulating structural and lexical strategies for resolving noun-phrase and verb-phrase (NP-PP vs. VP-PP) attachment ambiguity (. [8, 11]). | Resolving a Pragmatic Prepositional Phrase Attachment Ambiguity Christine H. Nakatani Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 email nakatani 1. Introduction To resolve or not to resolve that is the structural ambiguity dilemma. The traditional wisdom is to disambiguate only when it matters in terms of the meaning of the utterance and to do so using the computationally least costly information. NLP work on PP-attachment has followed this wisdom and much effort has been focused on formulating structural and lexical strategies for resolving noun-phrase and verb-phrase NP-PP vs. VP-PP attachment ambiguity . 8 11 . In one study statistical analysis of the distribution of lexical items in a very large text yielded 78 correct parses while two humans achieved just 85 5 . The close performance of machine and human led the authors to pose two issues that will be addressed in this paper is the predictive power of distributional data due to a complementation relation a modification relation or something else and what characterizes the attachments that escape prediction 2. Pragmatically ambiguous PPs Although structural and lexical rules alone do not suffice to disambiguate all kinds of PPs discourse modelling is viewed as computationally costly cf. 1 . The debate over resolution strategies is not simply about practicality but rather at stake is the notion of what exactly it means for a PP to attach. This paper defends discourse-level strategies by arguing that a certain PP-attachment ambiguity sentential vs. verb-phrase S-PP vs. VP-PP reflects a third kind of relation that is pragmatic in nature. As noted in 11 context-dependent preferences cannot be computed a priori so pragmatic PP-attachment ambiguities are among those that defy structural and lexical rules for disambiguation. Another criticism aimed at discourse-level approaches is that pragmatic ambiguities can be left unresolved because they do

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