tailieunhanh - OECD Economic Surveys GERMANY

The figures outlined in Figure A translate into potentially serious outcomes for the Australian economy. In the case of the Baseline, total expenditure associated with international students (from both students and visitors) increases in all years, rising from $ billion in 2010 to $ billion in 2012 and $ billion by 2015. Under the Sideways scenario, student expenditure in 2011 experiences a marginal increase of on 2010 levels. Under the Trough scenario, expenditure falls to $ billion or below 2010 levels. Total expenditure declines much more sharply under the Perfect Storm scenario, where total expenditure falls to $10 billion in 2012, a decrease of $ billion or of levels in 2010. . | OECD Economic Surveys GERMANY FEBRUARY 2012 OVERVIEW This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Summary Following a rapid recovery from the 2008-09 recession growth has slowed in the second half of 2011 and the economy is facing a soft patch with significant downside risks to activity. On the domestic front a return to lower growth rates from the strong prior upswing was to be expected from a cyclical perspective as potential growth remains weak. This downswing is exacerbated by the substantial deterioration of world trade growth and a loss of confidence due to the euro area debt crisis. In the current situation policymakers are faced with a multitude of challenges. As the economy goes through this soft patch it is essential to let automatic stabilisers work fully as allowed by the fiscal rule. On the structural side Germany has made major progress notably on the labour market which paid off handsomely in the recent recession. However still more needs to be done to strengthen the growth potential not least in view of rapid population ageing. Structural policies should focus on the following areas Strengthening domestic demand Reforms to foster domestic demand should focus on improving competition enhancing framework conditions for investment and innovation in Germany s domestic sector. This includes lowering the strict regulation in some services sectors notably professional services and improving innovation support for example by introducing a tax credit for R D complementing direct R D support.

• Kinh tế học
• Regional Synthesis
• Regional Synthesis
• Sub Regional Overviews
• opportunities for development
• mproving Understanding
• environmental agreements
• Overview of resources
• Endowment and opportunities
• realizing opportunities
• altruist focused interventions
• ethically significant
• potential harms