tailieunhanh - Economic Development Strategies

On broader measures of innovation, New Zealand fi rms have higher rates of marketing and product innovation, but relatively lower rates of process and organisational innovation. New Zealand businesses focus their innovation mainly on production for the domestic market rather than international markets, and innovation for international markets is low relative to fi rms in the EU. The share of medium-high and high-tech products in exports is low, and the sophistication of New Zealand’s exports overall is consistent with its per capita income. There is a high proportion of Crown Research Institute (CRI) research funded by business but. | Economic Development Strategies Upjohn Institute Staff Working Paper 95-33 Timothy J. Bartik Senior Economist W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research 300 South Westnedge Avenue Kalamazoo Michigan 49007-4686 January 1995 This is a second revised draft of chapter 12 of the forthcoming edition of Management Policies in Local Government Finance. I appreciate helpful comments on a previous draft by Richard Aronson Eli Schwartz Joe Caplis and Charles Colgan. I also appreciate the secretarial assistance of Claire Vogelsong. NOTE A revised version of this paper was published as Strategies for Economic Development in . Aronson and E. Schwartz eds. Management Policies in Local Government Finance 4th ed. . Washington DC International City County Management Association 1996 pp. 287-312. Economic Development Strategies Timothy J. Bartik Abstract This paper provides a guide to economic development policies for local government managers. Local economic development policies today include not only tax subsidies for branch plants but also job training to provide workers to businesses advice and support services for potential entrepreneurs and extension services to help businesses modernize and export. To help local government managers this paper suggests a number of guiding principles including local economic development should be pursued cooperatively across the local labor market economic development programs should consider the quality of jobs created tax subsidies are expensive per job created development subsidies are more effective if the subsidy is frontloaded high unemployment areas should be more aggressive than low unemployment areas in promoting job growth many economic development services can be cheaply evaluated by business surveys. Economic Development Strategies Timothy J. Bartik 1. Introduction In recent years local governments in the United States have become increasingly active in economic development programs -government-run or subsidized programs that