tailieunhanh - Preparetaiton course for the toefl ibt reading part 4

The book contains a variety of materials that together provide a comprehensive TOEFL prepa¬ration Pre-Tests for each section of the iBT TOEFL test (Reading, Listening, Speaking, Writing) measure students' level of performance and allow students to determine specific areas of weakness. | PASSAGE THREE Questions 7-10 Paragraph The Puiitzer Prize 1 The Pulitzer Prize came about as part of an attempt by newspaperman Joseph Pulitzer to upgrade the profession of journalism. Pulitzer the owner of the New York World and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch made a proposal in 1903 to Columbia University to make a 2 million bequest to the university for the dual purposes of establishing a school of journalism at the university and also establishing prizes for exceptional work in journalism and other fields. However the university did not initially respond as one might expect to such a seemingly generous offer. 2 Interestingly Columbia University was not immediately amenable to the proposal by as journalism was not held in high regard in general and Pulitzer s papers were more known for their sensationalization of the news than for the high quality of the journalism. The trustees of the university were not at all sure that they wanted a school of journalism because newspaper reporting was considered more of a trade than a profession at the time and they did not want to decrease the academic prestige of their institution. It took years of discussions and negotiations before the terms for the establishment of the school of journalism and the prizes bearing Pulitzer s name were agreed upon and it was not actually until the year after Pulitzer s death in 1911 that construction began on the building to house Columbia s new school of journalism. The school of journalism opened in 1913 and the first prizes were awarded in 1917 for work done the previous year. 3 The method for selecting Pulitzer Prize winners and the categories for prizes have changed slightly over the years. Today 21 different awards are given in three different areas with the majority of awards going to journalists 14 of the 21 awards are from various aspects of journalism . news reporting feature writing cartoons and photography 6 awards are given in letters in fiction nonfiction .