tailieunhanh - What is known about the effectiveness of economic instruments to reduce consumption of foods high in saturated fats and other energy-dense foods for preventing and treating obesity?

This report presents a methodology for calculating such impacts. To illustrate the magnitude of potential impacts, two alternative scenarios are outlined for long- term US public transportation investment; a “base case” scenario that maintains long-term public transportation ridership trends, and a “higher transit investment” scenario that adds investment each year over the 2010-2030 period. The analysis estimates how travel times and costs, including effects of changes in congestion levels and mode switching, differs among the scenarios. The results show that, per $1 billion of annual investment, public transportation investment over time can lead to more than. | EUROPE What is known about the effectiveness of economic instruments to reduce consumption of foods high in saturated fats and other energy-dense foods for preventing and treating obesity July 2006 u L Hkl Health Evidence B B Network EVIDENCE FOR DECISION-MAKERS ABSTRACT This is a Health Evidence Network HEN synthesis report summarizing the available evidence concerning the effectiveness of economic instruments including taxes price policies and incentives in containing or reducing food consumption particularly of foods high in saturated fats and other energy-dense foods. Available evidence suggests - but does not demonstrate - that introduction of policy-related economic instruments particularly in the form of taxes and price policies could reduce food consumption including of high saturated fat and other energy-dense foods and increase the purchasing of healthful foods. HEN initiated and coordinated by the WHO Regional Office for Europe is an information service for public health and health care decision-makers in the WHO European Region. Other interested parties might also benefit from HEN. This HEN evidence report is a commissioned work and the contents are the responsibility of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect the official policies of WHO Europe. The reports were subjected to international review managed by the HEN team. When referencing this report please use the following attribution Goodman C Anise A 2006 . What is known about the effectiveness of economic instruments to reduce consumption offoods high in saturated fats and other energy-dense foods for preventing and treating obesity Copenhagen WHO Regional Office for Europe Health Evidence Network report http document accessed day month year . Keywords OBESITY - prevention and control COSTS AND COST ANALYSIS FOOD - economics TAXES - economics DIETARY FA TS ENERGY INTAKE HEALTH PROMOTION META-ANALYSIS EUROPE Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional .

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