tailieunhanh - Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa

The ARRA is projected to create or retain million jobs as of the fourth quarter of 2010. 3 These jobs are projected to be in all major industries in the economy. The ARRA also spurs business investment, which is a key source of long-run growth, through loan guarantee programs and important support for new areas with excellent potential. Investments in renewable energy, the smart grid, and health information technology are projected to create many new job opportunities in a diverse set of industries spanning the service and manufacturing sectors. . | Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa David Bloom David Canning and Kevin Chan1 HARVARD UNIVERSITY September 20 2005 1 The authors thank Helen Curry Om Lala Larry Rosenberg and Mark Weston for their assistance on this paper and are grateful for comments by Dr. Happy Kufigwa Siphambe. Special thanks goes to Peter Materu and William Saint for general guidance and specific comments and to seminar participants at the World Bank. This research was commissioned by the World Bank AFTHD . The findings interpretations and conclusions expressed here are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or of the governments they represent. Table of Contents Executive Summary i Introduction 1 The State of Higher Education in Africa 4 The Conceptual Links from Higher Education to Economic Growth 17 The Supporting Evidence 20 Conclusion 34 Postscript Where to go from here 35 Table 1 PRSPs and Policies 38 Table 2 Panel Growth Regressions 40 Table 3 Production Possibility Frontier Gap 41 Table 4 Leaders Education Level and Countries Growth of Per Capita Income 42 Constant US from 1985-2000 Appendix A Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Summaries 43 Appendix B Higher Education Law - Summary 54 Appendix C Higher Education Law - Status 59 Appendix D Educational Background of Heads of State 70 Box 1 Higher Education in Mauritius and Tanzania A Comparison 81 Box 2 Higher Education Case Study - South Korea 85 Executive Summary For several decades African countries and the donor institutions they work with have placed great emphasis on primary and more recently secondary education. But they have neglected tertiary education as an added means to improve economic growth and mitigate poverty. This paper challenges the long-held belief in the international development community that tertiary education has little role in promoting economic growth. It reviews evidence about the impact that tertiary education .