tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "Processes that Shape Conversation and their Implications for Computational Linguistics"

Experimental studies of interactive language use have shed light on the cognitive and interpersonal processes that shape conversation; corpora are the emergent products of these processes. I will survey studies that focus on under-modelled aspects of interactive language use, including the processing of spontaneous speech and disfluencies; metalinguistic displays such as hedges; interactive processes that affect choices of referring expressions; and how communication media shape conversations. The findings suggest some agendas for computational linguistics. . | Processes that Shape Conversation and their Implications for Computational Linguistics Susan E. Brennan Department of Psychology State University of New York Stony Brook NY US 11794-2500 Abstract Experimental studies of interactive language use have shed light on the cognitive and interpersonal processes that shape conversation corpora are the emergent products of these processes. I will survey studies that focus on under-modelled aspects of interactive language use including the processing of spontaneous speech and disfluencies metalinguistic displays such as hedges interactive processes that affect choices of referring expressions and how communication media shape conversations. The findings suggest some agendas for computational linguistics. Introduction Language is shaped not only by grammar but also by the cognitive processing of speakers and addressees and by the medium in which it is used. These forces have until recently received little attention having been originally consigned to performance by Chomsky and considered to be of secondary importance by many others. But as anyone who has listened to a tape of herself lecturing surely knows spoken language is formally quite different from written language. And as those who have transcribed conversation are excruciatingly aware interactive spontaneous speech is especially messy and disfluent. This fact is rarely acknowledged by psychological theories of comprehension and production although see Brennan Schober in press Clark 1994 1997 Fox Tree 1995 . In fact experimental psycholinguists still make up most of their materials so that much of what we know about sentence processing is based on a sanitized ideal form of language that no one actually speaks. But the field of computational linguistics has taken an interesting turn Linguists and computational linguists who formerly used made-up sentences are now using naturally- and experimentally-generated corpora on which to base and test .