tailieunhanh - Ebook Renal physiology - A clinical approach: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Renal physiology - A clinical approach" presents the following contents: Maintaining the volume of body fluid-Sodium balance, concentrating the urine-Adapting to life on land, maintaining the serum concentration-water balance, maintaining the serum pH - Acid–Base balance,. | Maintaining the Volume of Body Fluid Sodium Balance CHAPTER OUTLINE INTRODUCTION INTERNAL SENSORS OF BODY VOLUME Baroreceptors Flow receptors HOW THE bOdY responds to changes IN SENSED VOLUME The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system The natriuretic peptides Sodium handling MAINTAINING BODY VOLUME SODIUM HOMEOSTASIS LIMITATIONS OF THE BODY S SYSTEM OF SODIUM HOMEOSTASIS CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SODIUM EXCESS VERSUS SODIUM DEFICIT PUTTING IT TOGETHER SUMMARY POINTS LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this chapter you should be able to describe how our body regulates its volume of fluid. describe the complexities associated with the creation of an internal sensing mechanism of fluid volume. list the internal sensors of body volume and describe how they function. describe how sensors of body volume use changes of pressure or flow as surrogate markers of volume. describe how baroreceptors and flow receptors modulate sodium handling in the kidney. describe how the tubuloglomerular feedback system protects the body from sodium wasting in the setting of blood pressure changes. delineate the importance of natriuretic peptides and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone RAA system in maintaining body volume. detail how changes in sodium balance lead to changes of total body fluid volume without changes of fluid concentration. understand that regulation of sodium determines total body fluid volume. describe the role of the kidney particularly with respect to sodium reabsorption in the tubule in maintaining sodium homeostasis. delineate the limitations of the flow and baroreceptor system and the importance of sensed volume in maintaining hemodynamic stability. identify the factors that determine body volume and those that affect concentration. 97 98 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY A Clinical Approach Introduction How much do you weigh today How much did you weigh yesterday How about last week Most likely your weight has not changed very much at all and if you were to measure it in a week s time it

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