tailieunhanh - Ebook Pediatric neurology: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Pediatric neurology" presents the following contents: Differential effects of acute severehypoxia and chronic sublethal hypoxia on the neonatal brainstem; cerebrospinal fluid levels of cytokines andchemokines in patients with west syndrome, pediatric epilepsy, focal epilepsies and multipleindependent spike foci. | In Pediatric Neurology ISBN 978-1-61324-726-6 Editors . Lawson . McCarthy pp. 91-114 2012 Nova Science Publishers Inc. Chapter 4 Differential Effects of Acute Severe Hypoxia and Chronic Sublethal Hypoxia on the Neonatal brainstem Ze Dong Jiang and Andrew R. Wilkinson Department of Paediatrics University of Oxford John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford United Kingdom Abstract Perinatal asphyxia and neonatal chronic lung disease CLD are two major problems in newborn infants often leading to neurodevelopmental deficits or disabilities later in life. Both problems are associated with hypoxia but the nature of the hypoxia in the two problems is different. The hypoxia after perinatal asphyxia is often acute severe or lethal and associated with ischaemia of the brain. In contrast the hypoxia in neonatal CLD is chronic or prolonged and sublethal. Such differences may exert differential effects on the functional integrity and development of the neonatal brain leading to different neuropathological changes and neurodevelopmental outcomes. In recent years some investigators have studied the functional integrity of the neonatal auditory brainstem in infants after perinatal asphyxia and neonatal CLD and have found differences in the effects of acute severe hypoxia and chronic sublethal hypoxia on the neonatal brainstem. In infants after perinatal asphyxia neural conduction and synaptic function are impaired in both peripheral and central regions of the brainstem although the impairment is slightly more severe in the more central than the more peripheral regions. In infants with neonatal CLD however neural conduction and synaptic function are impaired predominantly in the more central regions of the brainstem whereas the more peripheral regions are relatively intact. These findings indicate that perinatal asphyxia affects both the central and peripheral regions of the brainstem while neonatal CLD affects predominantly the central regions without appreciable effect on the .

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