tailieunhanh - Ebook Clinical physiology of acid - base and electrolyte disorders (5th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Clinical physiology of acid - base and electrolyte disorders" presents the following contents: Physiologic approach to acid - base and electroltye disorders. Invite you to consult. | Editors Rose Burton David Post Theodore W. Title Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders 5th Edition Copyright 2001 McGraw-Hill Table of Contents Part Three - Physiologic Approach to Acid-Base and Electroltye Disorders Chapter Thirteen - Meaning and Application of Urine Chemistries Chapter Thirteen Meaning and Application of Urine Chemistries As is discussed in the ensuing chapters measurement of the urinary electrolyte concentrations osmolality and pH plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of a variety of disorders. This chapter briefly reviews the meaning of these parameters and the settings in which they may be helpful Table 13-1 . It is important to emphasize that there are no fixed normal values since the kidney varies the rate of excretion to match net dietary intake and endogenous production. Thus interpretation of a given test requires knowledge of the patient s clinical state. As an example the urinary excretion of 125 meq of Na per day may be appropriate for a subject on a regular diet but represents inappropriate renal Na wasting in a patient who is volume-depleted. In addition to being clinically useful these tests are simple to perform and widely available. In most circumstances a random urine specimen is sufficient although a 24-h collection to determine the daily rate of solute excretion is occasionally indicated. When K depletion is due to extrarenal losses for example the urinary K excretion should fall below 25 meq day. In some patients however random measurement may be confusing. If the urine output is only 500 mL day because of associated volume depletion then the appropriate excretion of only 20 meq of K per day will be associated with an apparently high urine K concentration of 40 meq L 20 meq day L day 40 meq L . Table 13-1 Clinical application of urine chemistries Parameter Uses Na excretion Assessment of volume status Diagnosis of hyponatremia and acute renal failure Dietary compliance in patients .

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• Clinical physiology of acid
• Clinical physiology of base
• Electrolyte disorders
• Physiologic approach to acid
• Physiologic approach to base
• Renal physiology
• Regulation of water
• Electroltye balance
• A clinical approach
• Sodium balanc
• Concentrating the urine
• Maintaining the serum pH
• Acid–Base balance
• Clinical approach
• Metabolic alkalosis
• Diagnose acid–base disorders
• Metabolic acidosis
• Drinking binge yesterday
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