tailieunhanh - Ebook Cardiovascular physiology (8th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Cardiovascular physiology" presents the following contents: Vascular control, hemodynamic interactions, regulation of arterial pressure, cardiovascular responses to physiological stresses, cardiovascular function in pathological situations. | Vascular Control OBJECTIVES The student understands the general mechanisms involved in local vascular control Identifies the major ways in which smooth muscle differs anatomically and functionally from striated muscle. Lists the steps leading to cross-bridge cycling in smooth muscle. Lists the major ion channels involved in the regulation of membrane potential in smooth muscle. Describes the processes of electromechanical and pharmacomechanical coupling in smooth muscle. Defines basal tone. Lists several substances potentially involved in local metabolic control. States the local metabolic vasodilator hypothesis. Describes how vascular tone may be influenced by endothelin prostaglandins histamine and bradykinin. Describes the myogenic response of blood vessels. Defines active and reactive hyperemia and indicates a possible mechanism for each. Defines autoregulation of blood flow and briefly describes the metabolic myogenic and tissue pressure theories of autoregulation. Defines neurogenic tone of vascular muscle and describes how sympathetic neural influences can alter it. Describes how vascular tone is influenced by circulating catecholamines vasopressin and angiotensin II. Lists the major influences on venous diameters. Describes how control offíowdiffersbetween organs with strong local metabolic control of arteriolar tone and organs with strong neurogenic control of arteriolar tone. The student knows the dominant mechanisms of flow and blood volume control in the major body organs States the relative importance of local metabolic and neural control of coronary blood flow. Defines systolic compression and indicates its relative importance to blood flow in the endocardial and epicardial regions of the right and left ventricular walls. Describes the majormechanisms of flow and blood volumecontrol in each of the following systemic organs skeletal muscle brain splanchnic organs kidney and skin. States why mean pulmonary arterial pressure is lower than mean systemic .