tailieunhanh - Lecture TCP-IP protocol suite - Chapter 4: IP addresses: Classful addressing
In this chapter, you will learn: Understand IPv4 addresses and classes, identify the class of an IP address, find the network address given an IP address, understand masks and how to use them, understand subnets and supernets. | Chapter 4 IP Addresses: Classful Addressing CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CLASSFUL ADDRESSING OTHER ISSUES A SAMPLE INTERNET INTRODUCTION An IP address is a 32-bit address. The IP addresses are unique. Address Space addr15 addr1 addr2 addr41 addr31 addr226 RULE: addr15 addr1 addr2 addr41 addr31 addr226 If a protocol uses N bits to define an address, the address space is 2N because each bit can have two different values (0 and 1) and N bits can have 2N values. The address space of IPv4 is 232 or 4,294,967,296. 01110101 10010101 00011101 11101010 Binary Notation Figure 4-1 Dotted-decimal notation 0111 0101 1001 0101 0001 1101 1110 1010 Hexadecimal Notation 75 95 1D EA 0x75951DEA The binary, decimal, and hexadecimal number systems are reviewed in Appendix B. Example 1 Change the following IP address from binary notation to dotted-decimal notation. 10000001 00001011 00001011 11101111 . | Chapter 4 IP Addresses: Classful Addressing CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CLASSFUL ADDRESSING OTHER ISSUES A SAMPLE INTERNET INTRODUCTION An IP address is a 32-bit address. The IP addresses are unique. Address Space addr15 addr1 addr2 addr41 addr31 addr226 RULE: addr15 addr1 addr2 addr41 addr31 addr226 If a protocol uses N bits to define an address, the address space is 2N because each bit can have two different values (0 and 1) and N bits can have 2N values. The address space of IPv4 is 232 or 4,294,967,296. 01110101 10010101 00011101 11101010 Binary Notation Figure 4-1 Dotted-decimal notation 0111 0101 1001 0101 0001 1101 1110 1010 Hexadecimal Notation 75 95 1D EA 0x75951DEA The binary, decimal, and hexadecimal number systems are reviewed in Appendix B. Example 1 Change the following IP address from binary notation to dotted-decimal notation. 10000001 00001011 00001011 11101111 Solution Example 2 Change the following IP address from dotted-decimal notation to binary notation. Solution 01101111 00111000 00101101 01001110 Example 3 Find the error, if any, in the following IP address: Solution There are no leading zeroes in dotted-decimal notation (045). Example 3 (continued) Find the error, if any, in the following IP address: Solution In dotted-decimal notation, each number is less than or equal to 255; 301 is outside this range. Example 4 Change the following IP addresses from binary notation to hexadecimal notation. 10000001 00001011 00001011 11101111 Solution 0X810B0BEF or 810B0BEF16 CLASSFUL ADDRESSING Figure 4-2 Occupation of the address space In classful addressing, the address space is divided into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. Figure 4-3 Finding the class in binary notation Figure 4-4 Finding the address class Example 5 How can we prove that we have 2,147,483,648 addresses in class A? .
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