tailieunhanh - Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 106

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 106 provides a wide variety of perspectives on both traditional and more recent views of Earth's resources. It serves as a bridge connecting the domains of resource exploitation, environmentalism, geology, and biology, and it explains their interrelationships in terms that students and other nonspecialists can understand. The articles in this set are extremely diverse, with articles covering soil, fisheries, forests, aluminum, the Industrial Revolution, the . Department of the Interior, the hydrologic cycle, glass, and placer mineral deposits. . | 978 Public lands Global Resources Uses of Propane Propane and the next higher alkane butane are the main components of liquefied petroleum gas LPG which may be carried in tanks or cylinders and used as camping gas and in portable cooking stoves. In certain areas LPG is transported via pipelines and it may also be used for internal combustion engines. In many agricultural areas propane and butane are more cost-effective tractor fuels than are gasoline and diesel fuel. Commercially the clean-burning fuel is maintained in the liquid state which is obtained under conditions of elevated pressures in a steel container. It converts spontaneously to the gas state upon exposure to the normal atmospheric pressure. Unlike propane butane condenses to a liquid at 0 Celsius and thus cannot be used for camping under cold conditions. As a result butane tends to be used in the southern United States while propane which condenses at -42 Celsius under normal pressure conditions is used in the North. As noted previously propane has a high heat of combustion which combined with its ease of transport makes it a convenient fuel. Another way of measuring the fuel capacity of propane is its heating value which measures the amount of heat evolved when a gram of propane is burned. Propane s value is about 6 098 kilocalories per liter. Overall the fuel capacity of propane is about times that of natural gas. Soraya Ghayourmanesh Further Reading Atkins Peter. Atkins Molecules. 2d ed. New York Cambridge University Press 2003. Berger Bill D. and Kenneth E. Anderson. Modern Petroleum A Basic Primer of the Industry. 3d ed. Tulsa Okla. PennWell Books 1992. Erjavec Jack andJeffArias. Propane LPGVehicles. In Hybrid Electric andFuel-Cell Vehicles. Clifton Park Thomson Delmar Learning 2007. Gibilisco Stan. Propulsion with Methane Propane and Biofuels. In Alternative Energy Demystified. New York McGraw-Hill 2007. Myers Richard L. Propane. In The One Hundred Most Important Chemical Compounds A .