tailieunhanh - Plant physiology - Chapter 20 Gibberellins: Regulators of Plant Height

FOR NEARLY 30 YEARS after the discovery of auxin in 1927, and more than 20 years after its structural elucidation as indole-3-acetic acid, Western plant scientists tried to ascribe the regulation of all developmental phenomena in plants to auxin. However, as we will see in this and subsequent chapters, plant growth and development are regulated by several different types of hormones acting individually and in concert. In the 1950s the second group of hormones, the gibberellins (GAs), was characterized. The gibberellins are a large group of related compounds (more than 125 are known) that, unlike the auxins, are defined by. | Chapter 20 Gibberellins Regulators of Plant Height FOR NEARLY 30 YEARS after the discovery of auxin in 1927 and more than 20 years after its structural elucidation as indole-3-acetic acid Western plant scientists tried to ascribe the regulation of all developmental phenomena in plants to auxin. However as we will see in this and subsequent chapters plant growth and development are regulated by several different types of hormones acting individually and in concert. In the 1950s the second group of hormones the gibberellins GAs was characterized. The gibberellins are a large group of related compounds more than 125 are known that unlike the auxins are defined by their chemical structure rather than by their biological activity. Gibberellins are most often associated with the promotion of stem growth and the application of gibberellin to intact plants can induce large increases in plant height. As we will see however gibberellins play important roles in a variety of physiological phenomena. The biosynthesis of gibberellins is under strict genetic developmental and environmental control and numerous gibberellin-deficient mutants have been isolated. Mendel s tall dwarf alleles in peas are a famous example. Such mutants have been useful in elucidating the complex pathways of gibberellin biosynthesis. We begin this chapter by describing the discovery chemical structure and role of gibberellins in regulating various physiological processes including seed germination mobilization of endosperm storage reserves shoot growth flowering floral development and fruit set. We then examine biosynthesis of the gibberellins as well as identification of the active form of the hormone. In recent years the application of molecular genetic approaches has led to considerable progress in our understanding of the mechanism of gibberellin action at the molecular level. These advances will be discussed at the end of the chapter. 462 Chapter 20 THE DISCOVERY OF THE GIBBERELLINS Although .

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