tailieunhanh - Plant physiology - Chapter 18 Blue-Light Responses: Stomatal Movements and Morphogenesis

MOST OF US are familiar with the observation that house plants placed near a window have branches that grow toward the incoming light. This response, called phototropism, is an example of how plants alter their growth patterns in response to the direction of incident radiation. This response to light is intrinsically different from light trapping by photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, plants harness light and convert it into chemical energy (see Chapters 7 and 8). In contrast, phototropism is an example of the use of light as an environmental signal. There are two major families of plant responses to light signals: the. | Chapter 8 Blue-Light Responses Stomatal Movements and Morphogenesis MOST OF US are familiar with the observation that house plants placed near a window have branches that grow toward the incoming light. This response called phototropism is an example of how plants alter their growth patterns in response to the direction of incident radiation. This response to light is intrinsically different from light trapping by photosynthesis. In photosynthesis plants harness light and convert it into chemical energy see Chapters 7 and 8 . In contrast phototropism is an example of the use of light as an environmental signal. There are two major families of plant responses to light signals the phytochrome responses which were covered in Chapter 17 and the blue-light responses. Some blue-light responses were introduced in Chapter 9 for example chloroplast movement within cells in response to incident photon fluxes and sun tracking by leaves. As with the family of the phytochrome responses there are numerous plant responses to blue light. Besides phototropism they include inhibition of hypocotyl elongation stimulation of chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis activation of gene expression stomatal movements phototaxis the movement of motile unicellular organisms such as algae and bacteria toward or away from light enhancement of respiration and anion uptake in algae Senger 1984 . Blue-light responses have been reported in higher plants algae ferns fungi and prokaryotes. Some responses such as electrical events at the plasma membrane can be detected within seconds of irradiation by blue light. More complex metabolic or morphogenetic responses such as blue light-stimulated pigment biosynthesis in the fungus Neurospora or branching in the alga Vaucheria might require minutes hours or even days Horwitz 1994 . Readers may be puzzled by the different approaches to naming phytochrome and blue-light responses. The former are identified by a specific photoreceptor phytochrome the latter by .

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