tailieunhanh - Plant physiology - Chapter 11 Respiration and Lipid Metabolism

PHOTOSYNTHESIS PROVIDES the organic building blocks that plants (and nearly all other life) depend on. Respiration, with its associated carbon metabolism, releases the energy stored in carbon compounds in a controlled manner for cellular use. At the same time it generates many carbon precursors for biosynthesis. In the first part of this chapter we will review respiration in its metabolic context, emphasizing the interconnections and the special features that are peculiar to plants. We will also relate respiration to recent developments in our understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of plant mitochondria | Chapter Respiration and Lipid Metabolism PHOTOSYNTHESIS PROVIDES the organic building blocks that plants and nearly all other life depend on. Respiration with its associated carbon metabolism releases the energy stored in carbon compounds in a controlled manner for cellular use. At the same time it generates many carbon precursors for biosynthesis. In the first part of this chapter we will review respiration in its metabolic context emphasizing the interconnections and the special features that are peculiar to plants. We will also relate respiration to recent developments in our understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of plant mitochondria. In the second part of the chapter we will describe the pathways of lipid biosynthesis that lead to the accumulation of fats and oils which many plants use for storage. We will also examine lipid synthesis and the influence of lipids on membrane properties. Finally we will discuss the catabolic pathways involved in the breakdown of lipids and the conversion of the degradation products to sugars that occurs during seed germination. OVERVIEW OF PLANT RESPIRATION Aerobic oxygen-requiring respiration is common to nearly all eukaryotic organisms and in its broad outlines the respiratory process in plants is similar to that found in animals and lower eukaryotes. However some specific aspects of plant respiration distinguish it from its animal counterpart. Aerobic respiration is the biological process by which reduced organic compounds are mobilized and subsequently oxidized in a controlled manner. During respiration free energy is released and transiently stored in a compound ATP which can be readily utilized for the maintenance and development of the plant. Glucose is most commonly cited as the substrate for respiration. However in a functioning plant cell the reduced carbon is derived from sources such as the disaccharide sucrose hexose phosphates and triose phosphates from starch degradation and photosynthesis .

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