tailieunhanh - Network+ Certification (Outline) - Chapter 8: TCP/IP fundamentals

Chapter summary: The TCP/IP protocols were developed to support systems that use any computing platform or operating system; the TCP/IP protocol stack consists of four layers: link, internet, transport, and application; IP uses the ARP protocol to resolve IP addresses into the hardware addresses needed for data-link layer protocol communications;.and other contents. | Chapter 8 TCP IP Fundamentals 1 Chapter Overview A. TCP IP Protocols B. IP Addressing Chapter 8 Lesson 1 TCP IP Protocols 2 3 1. TCP IP History A. Developed in the 1970s B. Created for use on the ARPANET progenitor of the Internet C. Used by UNIX since the inception of the UNIX operating system D. TCP IP predates the PC the Open Systems Interconnection OSI model and Ethernet. E. Designed to be platform and operating system independent F. TCP IP standards 1. Created with a collaborative development process 2. Published as Requests for Comments RFCs by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF 3. In the public domain 2. TCP IP Layers A. TCP IP has its own system of layers that predates the OSI model. 4 B. Advantages of a multilayered design versus a single monolithic protocol 1. Platform independence a. Separate protocols make it easier to support a variety of computing platforms. b. Creating or modifying protocols to support new physical layer standards or networking application programming interfaces APIs does not require modification of the entire protocol stack. 2. Quality of service a. Having multiple protocols operating at the same layer makes it possible for applications to select the protocol that provides only the level of service required. 3. Simultaneous development a. Because the stack is split into layers the development of the various protocols can proceed simultaneously using personnel who are uniquely qualified in the operations of the particular layers. 5 C. The four TCP IP layers 1. Link a. Comparable to the data-link layer in the OSI model b. Most data-link layer protocols used on local area networks LANs such as Ethernet and Token Ring are not part of the TCP IP suite. c. SLIP and PPP are TCP IP link layer protocols used on wide area networks WANs . d. ARP functions partially at the link layer. 2. Internet a. Equivalent to the network layer in the OSI model b. Includes IP ICMP and Internet Group Membership Protocol IGMP plus some dynamic routing .

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