tailieunhanh - Ebook Sports Rehabilitation and Injury Prevention: Part 2

(BQ) Divided into five parts, Parts I, II and III cover screening and assessment, the pathophysiology of sports injuries and healing and the various stages of training during the rehabilitation process. Part IV covers effective clinical decision making, and Part V covers joint specific injuries and pathologies in the shoulder, elbow wrist and hand, groin and knee. | Part 5 Joint specific injuries and pathologies 17 Shoulder injuries in sport Ian Horsley English Institute of Sport This chapter outlines the anatomy of the shoulder girdle and discusses commonly presenting pathology around this area. Common orthopaedic assessment tests are described together with a presentation of the effectiveness of these tests in assessing for specific diagnoses of commonly presenting pathology from currently available literature. The role of rehabilitation is covered with analysis of the function of commonly utilised exercise and the role of clinical reasoning in determining the diagnosis and formulating a safe and effective rehabilitation programme. Incidence of shoulder injury The glenohumeral joint is one of the most frequently injured areas of the upper extremity in competitive sports. Studies indicate that 8-20 of athletic injuries involve the glenohumeral joint Hill 1983 Lo et al. 1990 Hutson 1996 Terry and Chopp 2000 Ranson and Gregory 2008 . Athletes whose sports require a large amount of time with their arms above the level of the shoulder such as those playing racquet sports sports involving throwing baseball cricket American Football and water polo swimmers and rugby players due to their arm position within the tackle commonly report a high incidence of shoulder pain with up to reporting shoulder pain Lo et al. 1990 . Hutson 1996 reported that more than 40 of elite swimmers complained of shoulder pain at some point during their careers and this was related to the fact that 90 of the propulsive force comes from the upper extremity Counsilman 1977 with the main cause of pain being attributed to glenohumeral joint instability Weldon and Richardson 2001 due to significantly increased humeral head translation Tibone et al. 2002 . In American Football of all injuries incurred by quarterbacks were shoulder injuries with direct trauma being responsible for of the shoulder injuries Kelly et al. 2004 and in professional cricket