tailieunhanh - Aesthetic issues in spatial composition: effects of position and direction on framing single objects

My examples satisfy some aspects of this requirement, but not others. In each of the examples, there clearly are relations, however simple, between doing and undergoing. I undergo an experience, such as feeling that my hands are cold, and take action in response, warming my hands by caressing the sides of my mug. I adjust what I am doing in response to sensations that indicate the mug is too hot to grasp for any extended period; and I put the mug down once my sensations suggest that my hands have been sufficiently warmed. This. | Spatial Vision Vol. 21 No. 3-5 pp. 421-449 2008 Koninklijke Brill NV Leiden 2008. Also available online - sv Aesthetic issues in spatial composition effects of position and direction on framing single objects STEPHEN E. PALMER JONATHAN S. GARDNER and THOMAS D. WICKENS University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1650 USA Received 23 June 2006 accepted 15 March 2007 Abstract Artists who work in two-dimensional visual media regularly face the problem of how to compose their subjects in aesthetically pleasing ways within a surrounding rectangular frame. We performed psychophysical investigations of viewers aesthetic preferences for the position and facing direction of single directed objects . people cars teapots and flowers within such rectangular frames. Preferences were measured using two-alternative forced-choice preference judgments the method of adjustment and free choice in taking photographs. In front-facing conditions preference was greatest for pictures whose subject was located at or near the center of the frame and decreased monotonically and symmetrically with distance from the center the center bias . In the left- or right-facing conditions there was an additional preference for objects to face into rather than out of the frame the inward bias . Similar biases were evident using a method of adjustment in which participants positioned objects along a horizontal axis and in free choice photographs in which participants were asked to take the most aesthetically pleasing picture they could of everyday objects. The results are discussed as affirming the power of the center and facing direction in the aesthetic biases viewers bring to their appreciation of framed works of visual art . Alexander 2002 Arnheim 1988 . Keywords Aesthetic preference spatial composition rectangular frame center bias inward bias. INTRODUCTION Painters photographers graphic designers and other visual artists who work in two-dimensional media continually face the .