tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "Part-of-Speech Implications of Affixes"

This paper describes a systematic investigation of the extent to which the part of speech of words can be identified from their prefixes and suffixes. The results indicate that it is possible to determine, with 95 per cent accuracy, the inclusive part of speech of an affixed word from a consideration of its prefixes, suffixes, and length. | Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics June 1966 Part-of-Speech Implications of Affixes by Lois L. Earl Lockheed Missiles and Space Company Palo Alto California This paper describes a systematic investigation of the extent to which the part of speech of words can be identified from their prefixes and suffixes. The results indicate that it is possible to determine with 95 per cent accuracy the inclusive part of speech of an affixed word from a consideration of its prefixes suffixes and length. By inclusive parts of speech we mean a string that will include all of the parts of speech assigned by both dictionaries considered but that may include one or two extraneous parts of speech. The extra parts of speech will differ according to the class of words as adjectives may have an extra part-of-speech noun or adverb while nouns may have an extra part-of-speech verb. The part-of-speech implications of seventy-two prefixes and of eightyseven suffixes are given. In a highly inflected language the structure of a word is indicative of its syntactic role. A relationship between form and part of speech might also be expected in English a language not highly inflected but closely related to more inflected languages. Such a relationship was noted by J. Dolby and H. Resnikoff 1 who show that a high percentage of a set of words called elementary words roughly equivalent to the set of one-syllable words can be used as nouns adjectives or verbs while a high percentage of the remaining multisyllable words can be used only as nouns or adjectives. If this relation can be regarded as a general rule and if subrules can be developed to cover the considerable number of exceptions to the general rule it will be possible to identify part of speech by algorithm. Intuitively it would be expected that prefixes and suffixes are key structural elements this expectation is reinforced by the structure of the European languages whose beginnings and endings indicate the .