tailieunhanh - Ebook Key topics in sports medicine: Part 2

(BQ) Key Topics in Sports Medicine is a single quick reference source for sports and exercise medicine. It presents the essential information from across relevant topic areas, and includes both the core and emerging issues in this rapidly developing field. It covers: 1) Sports injuries, rehabilitation and injury prevention, 2) Exercise physiology, fitness testing and training, 3) Drugs in sport, 4) Exercise and health promotion, 5) Sport and exercise for special and clinical populations, 6) The psychology of performance and injury. | Infection and sport 153 Knee injuries CT is particularly useful when evaluating tibia plateau fractures. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Dr B Langroudi for his comments on this and other chapters on imaging. Further reading Barron D. Basic science computed tomography. Current Orthopaedics 2005 19 20-6. Gibbon WM Long G. Imaging of athletic injuries. Current Orthopaedics 2000 14 424-34. Sanders TG Fults-Ganey K. Imaging techniques. In JC DeLee D Drez MD Miller Eds Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Principles and Practice 2nd edn. Saunders 2002 557-614. Tung GA Brody JM. Contemporary imaging of athletic injuries. Clinics in Sports Medicine 1997 16 3 393-417. Infection and sport A Kamvari On the whole regular moderate exercise is believed to enhance immunity and decrease susceptibility to infections such as the common cold and also some forms of cancer whereas sudden intense exercise and over-training appears to have a deleterious effect on the immune response and may be a limiting factor in athletic performance. An overall view of this situation has been graphically described by Nieman s J-curve which is emphasised as being descriptive rather than quantitative see Nieman 1994 . Exercise - immune interactions Effects of exercise on the physical barriers to infection Cooling and drying of the respiratory mucosa causes an increased exposure of the bronchi to viral and carcinogenic particles in the air during exercise due to a switch in nose-to-mouth breathing and also turbulent and high respiratory flow rates. This in turn reduces cilial motility which increases mucus viscosity in the bronchi and thus reduces clearance of the contaminated particles which can increase the susceptibility of the athlete to viral respiratory infections and certain cancers. Effects of exercise on the biologic immune defences Cellular changes Leukocyte subpopulations leukocytosis of exercise is one of the earliest and most consistent observations of the exercise-induced immune response in .