tailieunhanh - Car telephone use and road safety

Bolted body panels have become increasingly common over recent years, with many vehicles now using bolted front wings, front panel assemblies, bonnet slam panels and bumper bar supports. Obviously accident damage on such cars is much easier to repair, allowing simpler removal/refit of panels, and also easier preparation and painting in some cases. Panels can be prepared, primed and painted "off-the-car" if a good colour match is possible. A close visual inspection usually shows exactly where a particular panel is bolted. Some preliminary dismantling is usually required, as fastenings may be hidden behind wheel-arch liners , bumper bars. | Car telephone use and road safety Final Report An overview prepared for the European Commission Jeanne Breen Consulting June 2009 Summary During the last 30 years mobile telephones have become a major source of communication and an essential device for many people. A wide range of new mobile phone services designs and new users has led to new possibilities for business communication and increased personal convenience. Since in-car telephones first appeared in the mid-1980s the use of hand-held and more recently hands-free devices has rapidly increased. At the same time a significant body of behavioural and epidemiological research which has been subject to periodic literature review and meta-analyses indicates the adverse consequences associated with use of a car telephone while driving whether hand-held or hands-free. New availability of visual display information on mobile phones new services offering broadband internet access and the increasing opportunity to use the car as a mobile office are all developments which are likely to increase further the road safety management challenges summarised below. Extent of car telephone use Few EU countries conduct systematic surveys of car telephone use by drivers. Observational studies in Europe the US and Australia have in general shown that between 1 to 6 of drivers use telephones while driving with many drivers reporting occasional use. Effects on driving performance Research shows that using a car telephone while driving distracts the driver and causes driving behaviour which adversely affects road safety. While hands-free phones and other devices such as speed dialling and voice activation reduce physical distraction the most important negative factor associated with using a mobile phone while driving whether hands-free or hand-held is diversion of attention from driving to the conversation itself. The extent of the negative effects of telephone use while driving depends on the complexity of both the conversation and