tailieunhanh - Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 47

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 47 provides a wide variety of perspectives on both traditional and more recent views of Earth's resources. It serves as a bridge connecting the domains of resource exploitation, environmentalism, geology, and biology, and it explains their interrelationships in terms that students and other nonspecialists can understand. The articles in this set are extremely diverse, with articles covering soil, fisheries, forests, aluminum, the Industrial Revolution, the . Department of the Interior, the hydrologic cycle, glass, and placer mineral deposits. . | 408 Exxon Valdez oil spill Global Resources der the jurisdiction of the coastal state for specific purposes. The convention the work of more than fourteen years of negotiation is a comprehensive legal document that created an ordered system for the use of ocean space and for the protection of the natural resources of the oceans. According to customary use of the seas the area beyond the territorial waters of a state had been considered high seas open to use by all and under no nation s jurisdiction. The territorial waters had been generally accepted as extending kilometers from the coast into the sea. Then in the Truman Proclamation of September 28 1945 the United States claimed the right to extend its jurisdiction over conservation zones in the high seas contiguous to the . coast. Other countries followed establishing their own zones and extending their economic jurisdiction into the high seas. Many maritime nations feared that the tradition of open seas and free navigation would end. Thus in 1967 the United Nations General Assembly established an ad hoc committee to begin studying peaceful uses of the seas in preparation for convening the Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Provisions A dispute over coastal rights and claims versus the freedom of all to use the seas erupted at the first session of the conference in Caracas Venezuela. The creation of an economic zone of protection for a coastal state s offshore resources was one of the first agreements negotiated at the conference. The EEZ part of the convention was put together as a smaller part within the overall package which was a carefully negotiated compromise document. The EEZ extends up to 200 nautical miles from a baseline drawn along the low-water line of a coast. Impact on Resource Use Within that zone the coastal state acquires sovereign economic rights over living and nonliving resources for the purpose of exploitation conservation and resource management including the right