tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "Coding the Russian Alphabet for the Purpose of Mechanical Translation"

If we take advantage of our knowledge of the phonological characteristics of Russian and their orthographic representation, it is possible to introduce a number of simple transformations operating on the text at input, the effect of which is to reduce the number of affixes and simplify the morphological analysis. | Mechanical Translation August 1963 Coding the Russian Alphabet for the Purpose of Mechanical Translation by John Lyons t School of Oriental and African Studies University of London If we take advantage of our knowledge of the phonological characteristics of Russian and their orthographic representation it is possible to introduce a number of simple transformations operating on the text at input the effect of which is to reduce the number of affixes and simplify the morphological analysis. It is well known that there is in Russian a phonological opposition between palatalized and non-palatalized consonants or in the traditional terminology between soft and hard consonants . This palatalization is marked in the Russian orthography by the use of one of the set of soft vowels or by the special soft sign according to whether the palatalized consonant is followed by a vowel or not. This immediately suggests the possibility of replacing the soft vowels by the soft sign the corresponding hard vowels. Thus S would be transformed into BA TO into By Furthermore the soft sign and the letter H are in complementary distribution the soft sign being written after a consonant and H being written after a vowel. They may therefore be regarded as allographs of the same grapheme and represented by the same symbol B. The transformations suggested so far are listed here for convenience S BA E BO TO By H B BI H B 1 The effect of these transformations operating on the text at input is not merely to reduce the number of symbols required by five but more important to reveal identities in the hard and soft declensions and conjugations which the Russian orthography tends to conceal. This will be clear from Table 1. In certain positions in Russian there is what some linguists would call neutralization of the palatal nonpalatal opposition. That is to say that certain consonants are necessarily either hard or soft. The orthographical conventions of Russian reflect this .