tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "Contextual Analysis"

Ambiguity, both syntactic and semantic, a problem that arises in the translation of Russian to English because of polysemantic forms in Russian, can be resolved by an analysis of the context in which the polysemantic form occurs. | Mechanical Translation December 1957 pp. 70-75 Contextual Analysis Kenneth E. Harper University of California Los Angeles California Ambiguity both syntactic and semantic a problem that arises in the translation of Russian to English because of polysemantic forms in Russian can be resolved by an analysis of the context in which the polysemantic form occurs. This requires a systematic study of context so that word classes which determine the value of ambiguous forms can be established. IN THE VARIOUS PROPOSALS for word-for-word machine translation of Russian scientific literature into English each word in the sentence is considered as a separate entity. If a word has more than one English equivalent or more than one possible syntactic value the alternatives must be listed. The chief difficulty with the resulting translation is its prolixity the reader finds himself confronted with numerous alternatives both syntactic and semantic in every sentence. The extent of the problem of ambiguity is suggested by the following figures from a sample Russian scientific text 43 of the running words were found to be polysemantic this in addition to syntactic ambiguities which the reader must solve on the basis of numerous alternatives given him in every sentence . Context The difficulty with word-for-word translation then is that it is really words-for-word translation . 1 The solution to the problem lies in the reduction of the number of choices 1. The problem of word order is not critical in MT particularly for technical material. Even in the general literary language the word order subject-verb-direct object is preserved in 85 - 90 of all sentences according to a study of 5000 pages of Russian prose text cited in Voprosy grammaticheskogo stroya Izdatel stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR Moscow 1955 p. 471 . confronting the reader by the mechanical selection of the proper or actual syntactical and semantic equivalent from the various potential equivalents. Obviously the .