tailieunhanh - Lecture Management accounting: An Australian perspective: Chapter 17 - Kim Langfield-Smith

This chapter introduce the cost volume profit analysis. This chapter includes contents: Cost volume profit analysis at the Melbourne Theatre Company, the break-even point, the importance of the break-even point at Linney's, graphing cost volume profit relationships,. | Chapter 17 Cost volume profit analysis Cost volume profit (CVP) analysis A technique used to determine the effects of changes in an organisation’s sales volume on its costs, revenue and profit Can be used in profit-seeking and not-for profit organisations The break-even point The volume of sales where the total revenues and expenses are equal, and the operation breaks even Can be calculated for an entire organisation or individual projects or activities Formulas Terminology Contribution margin (or variable costing) statement A reporting format where costs are reported by cost behaviour and a contribution margin is calculated Total contribution margin The difference between the sales revenue and the variable costs The amount available to cover fixed costs and then contribute to profits continued Terminology Unit contribution margin The difference between the sales price per unit and variable cost per unit Contribution margin ratio The unit contribution margin divided by | Chapter 17 Cost volume profit analysis Cost volume profit (CVP) analysis A technique used to determine the effects of changes in an organisation’s sales volume on its costs, revenue and profit Can be used in profit-seeking and not-for profit organisations The break-even point The volume of sales where the total revenues and expenses are equal, and the operation breaks even Can be calculated for an entire organisation or individual projects or activities Formulas Terminology Contribution margin (or variable costing) statement A reporting format where costs are reported by cost behaviour and a contribution margin is calculated Total contribution margin The difference between the sales revenue and the variable costs The amount available to cover fixed costs and then contribute to profits continued Terminology Unit contribution margin The difference between the sales price per unit and variable cost per unit Contribution margin ratio The unit contribution margin divided by the unit sales price The proportion of each sales dollar available to cover fixed costs and earn a profit continued Terminology Contribution margin percentage The unit contribution margin ratio multiplied by 100 The percentage of each sales dollar available to cover fixed costs and earn a profit Cost volume profit (CVP) graph Shows how costs, revenue and profits change as sales volume changes Five steps Draw the fixed expense line Draw the total expense line Draw the total revenue line Break-even point—where the total revenue and total expense lines intersect Profit volume (PV) graph Shows the total amount of profit or loss at different sales volumes The graph intercept the vertical axis at the amount equal to the fixed costs The break-even point is the point at which the line crosses the horizontal axis Target net profit A desired profit level determined by management Can be used within the break-even formula CVP analysis and management decision making .