tailieunhanh - Facial Expressions in Hollywood's Portrayal of Emotion

Much theory and research on emotion are based on the facial expressions of amateurs asked to pose for still photographs. The theory of facial affect programs (FAPs; P. Ekman, 1972) was proposed to account for the resulting expressions, most of which are patterns consisting of distinguishable parts. In the present study, 4 Hollywood films noted for fine acting and realism were examined for the facial expressions that accompany a basic emotion. In keeping with the theory of FAPs, profes- sional actors judged as happy were found smiling in 97% (Duchenne smiling in 74%) of cases. In contrast, actors judged as surprised, afraid, angry, disgusted, or sad. | Copyright 1997 by the American Psychological Association Inc. 0022-35l4 97 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1997. Vol. 72. No. I 164-176 Facial Expressions in Hollywood s Portrayal of Emotion James M. Carroll and James A. Russell University of British Columbia Much theory and research on emotion are based on the facial expressions of amateurs asked to pose for still photographs. The theory of facial affect programs FAPs p. Ekman 1972 was proposed to account for the resulting expressions most of which are patterns consisting of distinguishable parts. In the present study 4 Hollywood films noted for fine acting and realism were examined for . the facial expressions that accompany a basic emotion. In keeping with the theory of FAPs professional actors judged as happy were found smiling in 97 Duchenne smiling in 74 of cases. In contrast actors judged as surprised afraid angry disgusted or sad rarely showed the predicted pattern found in 0 to 31 of cases . typically they used one or two parts from the full pattern. If these films represent real life these findings favor a theory that assumes separable parts . components theory over the older theory of FAPs. Lazarus 1980 wrote The conduct of our affairs is heavily determined by how we interpret the thoughts and feelings of others. . By watching the faces of others in action we can to some extent know how they feel. . . . Even if the expression is modified or disguised there will be telltale signs pp. vii-viii . Specific facial patterns have been theorized to be biologically hardwired signals that allow one person to know the emotion of another. Izard 1971 Ekrnan and Friesen 1975 1976 and Matsumoto and Ekman 1988 have published now familiar portraits of the facial expressions they hypothesize occur for happiness surprise fear anger disgust and sadness the so-called basic emotions . An example of the kind of pattern hypothesized is shown in Figure 1. Shown such expressions observers from New York to New