tailieunhanh - The 21st Century Electric Car

The Environmental Protection Act 1990 applies with regard to statutory nuisance (section 80). However, mobile operators will rarely stay at a single location long enough to satisfy the criteria for statutory nuisance. If the operation is at defined premises, eg a supermarket car park or at a residential or commercial address, action could be taken against the owner or occupier of the land. There are also requirements under this legislation for the correct disposal of waste. The Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 does not apply, because SMART repairers are unlikely to exceed the thresholds of tonnes (cars) and tonnes (trailers) per annum of solvent that requires a permit. There is currently no provision in the Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations 2000 to require mobile installations of this type to have permits. . | The 21st Century Electric Car Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning Tesla Motors Inc. 6 October 2006 The electric car once the zero-emissions darling of environmentalists is sometimes maligned as an emissions-elsewhere vehicle since the electricity to charge its batteries must be generated in electrical generation plants that produce emissions. This is a reasonable point but we must then ask how much pollution an electric car produces per mile - accounting for all emissions starting from the gas or oil well where the source fuel is extracted all the way to the final consumption of electricity by the car s motor. When we work through the numbers we find that the electric car is significantly more efficient and pollutes less than all alternatives. In this paper we will investigate the Tesla Roadster which uses commodity lithium-ion batteries instead of lead-acid batteries or nickel-metal-hydride batteries as most electric cars have used. Not only does this lithium-ion-based car have extremely high well-to-wheel energy efficiency and extremely low well-to-wheel emissions it also has astonishing performance and superior convenience. Lithium ion batteries are a lot more difficult to use than previous technologies this is the reason that they have not so far been used in electric cars. Tesla Motors is spending a lot of effort making a safe light and durable lithium ion battery system. Over time Tesla will probably put tens of millions into pack and cell features and optimization. However - as this paper will show the energy and power density of lithium ion batteries make this effort very worthwhile. Energy Efficiency To compute the well-to-wheel energy efficiency of any car we start with the energy content of the source fuel . coal crude oil or natural gas as it comes from the ground. We then track the energy content of this fuel as it is converted to its final fuel product . gasoline or electricity subtracting the energy needed to transport the fuel to the car. .

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