tailieunhanh - ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS - POWER SOURCES ON THE CAR

To our knowledge, only one previous effort (Wilson et al, 2007) explicitly studied school travel in light of school choice. There, we found that school choice led to longer school commute distances (because children attend schools across the district rather than in their neighborhood) and reduced levels of walking and bicycling to school (because longer commutes are less amenable to walking or bicycling). The current study strengthens and expands earlier survey parents to determine attitudes that affect school choice and school travel mode. Rather than rely on national data, we analyze differences at the local level between an urban and a suburban school district and investigate how. | ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS Power Sources On The Car Two power sources are used on Toyota vehicles. When the engine is not running or is being started the battery provides power. When the engine is running the alternator provides power for the vehicle s loads and for recharging the battery. THE BATTERY The battery is the primary source of electrical energy on Toyota vehicles when the engine is not running or is being started. It uses an electrochemical reaction to change chemical energy into electrical energy for starting ignition charging lighting and accessories. All Toyota vehicles use a 12-volt battery. Batteries have polarity markings . the larger thicker terminal is marked plus or POS the other terminal is marked minus or NEG - . Correct polarity is important components can be damaged if the battery is connected backwards. THE ALTERNATOR The alternator is the heart of the vehicle s electrical system when the engine is running. It uses electromagnetism to change some of the engine s mechanical energy into electrical energy for powering the vehicle s loads and for charging the battery. All Toyota alternators are rated by amps of current output . from 40 to 80 amps. Page 1 Toyota Motor Sales . Inc. All Rights Reserved. ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS Loads Working devices - or loads - consume electricity. They change electrical energy into another form of energy to do work. This energy may be thermal heat radiant light mechanical motive audio sound chemical or magnetic. The electrical energy is changed by the resistance of the working device. Resistance is put to work in many ways on Toyota vehicles. PERFORM WORK Some components use resistance to reduce current flow and change electrical energy voltage into heat light or motion. Resistance produces heat in electric window defrosters and cigarette lighters. Resistance produces light in lamp filaments. And resistance produces motion in motors and solenoid coils. All circuit loads use resistance to perform work. CONTROL .