tailieunhanh - Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Production and Operating Costs

The Rule amendments also streamline and clarify the direct notice requirements to ensure that key information is presented to parents in a succinct “just-in-time” notice; expand the non- exhaustive list of acceptable methods for obtaining prior verifiable parental consent; create two new exceptions to the Rule’s notice and consent requirements; strengthen data security protections by requiring operators to take reasonable steps to release children’s personal information only to service providers and third parties who are capable of maintaining the confidentiality, security, and integrity of such information; require reasonable data retention and deletion procedures; strengthen the Commission’s oversight of self-regulatory safe harbor programs; and institute voluntary pre-approval mechanisms for. | ANL ESD-41 Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Production and Operating Costs by . Cuenca . Gaines and . Vyas Center for Transportation Research Energy Systems Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne Illinois 60439 November 1999 Work sponsored by the United States Department of Energy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Transportation Technologies Distribution Category UC-1501 This report is printed on recycled paper. Contents Acknowledgments. vii Notation. viii Abstract. xi 1 Introduction. 1 2 Vehicle Manufacturing and Marketing Costs. 3 Vehicle Cost Structure. 3 Costs by Vehicle Component Group. 6 Description of the Basic Methodology. 7 3 Costs of Conventional Systems and Components. 9 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Subcompact Car and Minivan. 9 The Impact of Body Materials. 11 4 Systems and Components for Electric Vehicles. 13 Energy Storage System. 13 Powertrain. 14 Power Systems and Accessories. 15 HVAC System. 17 Other Systems. 17 Reference. 18 5 Cost Models for Traction Motors and Controllers. 19 Overview of the Cost Model for Traction Motors. 19 AC-Induction Motor. 20 Conventional DC Motor. 23 DC-Brushless Permanent Magnet Motor. 26 Summary of Motor Cost Analysis. 28 Motor Controllers. 29 DC Motor Controllers. 30 AC Motor Controllers. 30 Cost Model for Motor Controllers. 31 References. 33 .