tailieunhanh - SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATE

An upright „Stop‟ sign is present on both approaches to the Level Crossing, on the public road within the railway boundary which indicates to the road users that they must come to a full stop. In the case of this Level Crossing, the „Stop‟ sign is in line with the Level Crossing gates, see Photograph 3. In the case of this Level Crossing, once the road user opens the Level Crossing gates the road user must continue towards the decision point. The decision point is the position where the road user can stop their vehicle clear of. | Slip Opinion OCTOBER TERM 2011 1 Syllabus NOTE Where it is feasible a syllabus headnote will be released as is being done in connection with this case at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber Lumber Co. 200 U. S. 321 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus UNITED STATES v. JONES CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT No. 10-1259. Argued November 8 2011 Decided January 23 2012 The Government obtained a search warrant permitting it to install a Global-Positioning-System GPS tracking device on a vehicle registered to respondent Jones s wife. The warrant authorized installation in the District of Columbia and within 10 days but agents installed the device on the 11th day and in Maryland. The Government then tracked the vehicle s movements for 28 days. It subsequently secured an indictment of Jones and others on drug trafficking conspiracy charges. The District Court suppressed the GPS data obtained while the vehicle was parked at Jones s residence but held the remaining data admissible because Jones had no reasonable expectation of privacy when the vehicle was on public streets. Jones was convicted. The D. C. Circuit reversed concluding that admission of the evidence obtained by warrantless use of the GPS device violated the Fourth Amendment. Held The Government s attachment of the GPS device to the vehicle and its use of that device to monitor the vehicle s movements constitutes a search under the Fourth Amendment. Pp. 3-12. a The Fourth Amendment protects the right of the people to be secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures. Here the Government s physical intrusion on an effect for the purpose of obtaining information constitutes a search. This type of encroachment on an area .