tailieunhanh - Reducing CO2 emissions from new cars

The first approach has the drawback that assumptions need to be made about the average an‐ nual vehicle mileage. The second approach allows to derive for cars an average annual mileage by confronting the car stock with the car transport demand that is derived in the MODAL and TIME CHOICE module. In the first version of PLANET the first approach was used. In the new version of PLANET, the second approach is used. With the first approach we start from the total vkm per car that is de‐ rived in the MODAL and TIME CHOICE module. The number of vkm is then divided by the aver‐ age annual mileage to get the desired number of cars for a given year. The determination of the average annual mileage for cars will be discussed in Section 5. . | Reducing CO2 emissions from new cars 2006 progress report on the car industry s voluntary commitment September 2007 European Federation for TRANSPORT and ENVIRONMENT 2 Background and Chronology EU climate change policy The European Union is committed under the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Convention on Climate Change to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 8 per cent by 2008-2012 compared to the 1990 level. This is a first step towards the EU objective of limiting man-induced global warming to 2 degrees Celsius. EU leaders recently committed to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 20 to 30 depending on international action. Carbon dioxide CO2 is the most important greenhouse gas. Emissions of CO2 are directly linked to fuel consumption. Burning a kg of petrol diesel kerosene and the like in a car van lorry aircraft or ship leads to approximately kg of CO2 emissions. The role of transport Transport is the worst performing sector under Kyoto and seriously jeopardizes the achievement of the Kyoto targets. Transport CO2 emissions in the EU grew by 32 between 1990 and 2005. The share of transport in CO2 emissions was 21 in 1990 but by 2005 this had grown to 27 1. Emissions from so-called light duty vehicles passenger cars and vans are responsible for approximately half of this. The oil used to power the wheels of cars and vans also greatly increases the EU s oil import dependence currently standing at 80 per cent and rising. At 55 a barrel cars and vans cost the EU an extra 92 billion in oil imports. All these figures would come down considerably if cars and vans were made more fuel efficient something that would automatically follow from stricter CO2 limits. The EU s long term target for cars and CO2 120g km The EU target to reduce average new car emissions to 120 g km was first proposed by Germany following informal negotiations with member states at a meeting of European environment ministers in October 1994. That target translates into fuel consumption figures